S1.4, R2.1 Solutions

• S1.4.4 The molar concentration is determined by the amount of solute and the volume of solution.

• R2.1.2—The mole ratio of an equation can be used to determine:  volumes  and concentrations of reactants and products for reactions occurring in solution.

• R2.1.3—The limiting reactant determines the theoretical yield.

• R2.1.4—The percentage yield is calculated from the ratio of experimental yield to theoretical yield.

• R2.1.5—The atom economy is a measure of efficiency in green chemistry.

Tool 1—What are the considerations in the choice of glassware used in preparing a standard solution and a serial dilution?

Tool 1, Inquiry 2—How can a calibration curve be used to determine the concentration of a solution?

Reactivity 3.2—When is it useful to use half equations?

Tool 1, Inquiry 1, 2, 3—What errors may cause the experimental yield to be  i) higher and  ii) lower than the theoretical yield?

Structure 2.4, Reactivity 2.2—The atom economy and the percentage yield both give important information about the “efficiency” of a chemical process. What other factors should be considered in this assessment?