1. Evolution occurs when heritable characteristics of a species change.

• Define evolution.

• Activity: http://concord.org/stem-resources/variations-and-adaptations

2. The fossil record provides evidence for evolution.

• Define strata and paleontology.

• Explain three pieces of evidence that fossils provide that evolution has occurred.

3. Selective breeding of domesticated animals shows that artificial selection can cause evolution.

• Explain the process of artificial selection using selective breeding.

• Use an example to explain how selective breeding has lead to evolution in a species.

4. Evolution of homologous structures by adaptive radiation explains similarities in structure when there are differences in function.

• Contrast analogous structures and homologous structures.

• Contrast convergent evolution and adaptive radiation.

• State an example of analogous structures.

• State an example of homologous structures.

• Define vestigial structure.

• State an example of a vestigial structure.

5. Populations of a species can gradually diverge into separate species by evolution.

• Describe the process of gradual speciation.

6. Continuous variation across the geographical range of related populations matches the concept of gradual divergence.

• Explain how continuous variation across geographical ranges is evidence of evolutionary change.

• State an example of recognizably different populations of the same species across a geographical range.

1. Development of melanistic insects in polluted areas.

• Define pentadactyl limb.

• List the bone structures present in the pentadactyl limb.

• Identify pentadactyl limb structures in diagrams of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

• Relate differences in pentadactyl limb structures to differences in limb function.

2. Comparison of the pentadactyl limb of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles with different methods of locomotion.

Looking for patterns, trends and discrepancies- there are common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs despite their varied use

• Propose a mechanism that explains the pattern found in vertebrate limb structure yet allows for the specialisation of different limb functions.