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What can be deduced from the temperature change that accompanies chemical or physical change?
SKILLS focus
SKILLS focus
Experimental Techniques: Understand how to accurately measure the following to an appropriate level of precision: Mass, Volume, Time, Temperature
Applying techniques: Show awareness of the purpose and practice of calorimetry
Controlling Variables: calibrate measuring apparatus (calorimeter)
Controlling Variables: maintain constant environmental conditions of systems
Controlling Variables: insulate against heat loss or gain.
Technology: Applying technology to collect data by using temperature sensor
Applying general mathematics: Use basic arithmetic and algebraic calculations to solve problems.
Applying general mathematics: Carry out calculations involving decimals, fractions, percentages, ratios, reciprocals and exponents.
UNDERSTANDINGS
UNDERSTANDINGS
Chemical reactions involve a transfer of energy between the system and the surroundings, while total energy is conserved.
Reactions are described as endothermic or exothermic, depending on the direction of energy transfer between the system and the surroundings.
The relative stability of reactants and products determines whether reactions are endothermic or exothermic.
The standard enthalpy change for a chemical reaction, ΔH⦵, refers to the heat transferred at constant pressure under standard conditions and states. It can be determined from the change in temperature of a pure substance.
MAKING CONNECTIONS
MAKING CONNECTIONS
Structure 1.1—What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles?
Tool 1, Inquiry 2—What observations would you expect to make during an endothermic and an exothermic reaction?
Structure 2.2—Most combustion reactions are exothermic; how does the bonding in N2 explain the fact that its combustion is endothermic?
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