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How can the extent of a reversible reaction be influenced?
Skills Focus
Skills Focus
Experimental Techniques: Measuring variables: understand to accurately measure to an appropriate level of precision: mass, volume, pH and time.
Technology: Applying technology to collect data: use sensors.
Technology: Applying technology to process data: represent data in a graphical form.
Graphing: Sketch graphs, with labelled but unscaled axes, to qualitatively describe trends.
Graphing: Construct and interpret tables, charts and graphs for raw and processed data including bar charts, histograms, scatter graphs and line and curve graphs.
Graphing: Extrapolate and interpolate graphs.
UNDERSTANDINGS
UNDERSTANDINGS
R2.3.5 (AHL)—The reaction quotient, Q, is calculated using the equilibrium expression with nonequilibrium concentrations of reactants and products.
Calculate the reaction quotient Q from the concentrations of reactants and products at a particular time, and determine the direction in which the reaction will proceed to reach equilibrium.
R2.3.6 (AHL)—The equilibrium law is the basis for quantifying the composition of an equilibrium mixture.
Solve problems involving values of K and initial and equilibrium concentrations of the components of an equilibrium mixture.
R2.3.7 (AHL) —The equilibrium constant and Gibbs energy change, ΔG, can both be used to measure the position of an equilibrium reaction.
R1.4.4 (AHL) —As a reaction approaches equilibrium, ΔG becomes less negative and finally reaches zero.
Perform calculations using the equation ΔG = ΔG⦵ + RT lnQ and its application to a system at equilibrium ΔG⦵ = −RT lnK.
MAKING CONNECTIONS
MAKING CONNECTIONS
Reactivity 3.1—How does the equilibrium law help us to determine the pH of a weak acid, weak base or a buffer solution?
Reactivity 1.4—How can Gibbs energy be used to explain which of the forward or backward reaction is favoured before reaching equilibrium?
Reactivity 2.3—What is the likely composition of an equilibrium mixture when ΔG⦵ is positive?
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