02. Organisation of the Organism

• Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope, limited to cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles and location of the cell membrane

• State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal cell

• State that the cytoplasm of all cells contains structures, limited to ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles

• State that almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum

• Identify mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in diagrams and images of cells

• State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria

• State that cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide sufficient energy

• Relate the structure of the following to their functions:

– ciliated cells – movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

– root hair cells – absorption

– xylem vessels – conduction and support

– palisade mesophyll cells – photosynthesis

– nerve cells – conduction of impulses

– red blood cells – transport of oxygen

– sperm and egg cells – reproduction

• Define tissue as a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function

• Define organ as a structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

• Define organ system as a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions

• State examples of tissues, organs and organ systems from sections 6 to 16

• Identify the different levels of organisation in drawings, diagrams and images of familiar

• Identify the different levels of organisation in drawings, diagrams and images of unfamiliar material

• Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units

• Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres and micrometres as units