Voltaic (Galvanic) cells:

• Voltaic cells convert energy from spontaneous, exothermic chemical processes to electrical energy.

• Oxidation occurs at the anode (negative electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (positive electrode) in a voltaic cell.

Electrolytic cells:

• Electrolytic cells convert electrical energy to chemical energy, by bringing about non- spontaneous processes.

• Oxidation occurs at the anode (positive electrode) and reduction occurs at the cathode (negative electrode) in an electrolytic cell.

• Construction and annotation of both types of electrochemical cells.

• Explanation of how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell and how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell.

• For voltaic cells, a cell diagram convention should be covered.