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Essential idea: The characterization of an acid depends on empirical evidence such as the production of gases in reactions with metals, the colour changes of indicators or the release of heat in reactions with metal oxides and hydroxides.
Essential idea: The characterization of an acid depends on empirical evidence such as the production of gases in reactions with metals, the colour changes of indicators or the release of heat in reactions with metal oxides and hydroxides.
Understandings
Understandings
• Most acids have observable characteristic chemical reactions with reactive metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, hydrogen carbonates and carbonates.
• Salt and water are produced in exothermic neutralization reactions.
Applications and skills
Applications and skills
• Balancing chemical equations for the reaction of acids.
• Identification of the acid and base needed to make different salts.
• Candidates should have experience of acid-base titrations with different indicators
Guidance
Guidance
• Bases which are not hydroxides, such as ammonia, soluble carbonates and hydrogen carbonates should be covered.
• The colour changes of different indicators are given in the data booklet in section 22.
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