• pH = − log[H+(aq)] and [H+ ] = 10^−pH.

• A change of one pH unit represents a 10-fold change in the hydrogen ion concentration [+ ].

• pH values distinguish between acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions.

• The ionic product constant, 𝐾𝑤 = [H+ ][OH− ] = 10⁻¹⁴ at 298 K.

• Solving problems involving pH, [H+ ] and [OH−].

• Students should be familiar with the use of a pH meter and universal indicator.

• Students will not be assessed on pOH values.

• Students should be concerned only with strong acids and bases in this sub-topic

• Knowing the temperature dependence of 𝐾w is not required

• Equations involving H3O+ instead of H+ may be applied