1. A gene pool consists of all the genes and their different alleles, present in an interbreeding population.

• Define gene pool.

• Given data, calculate allele frequencies of genes in a gene pool.

• Given data, calculate genotype frequencies for genes in a gene pool.

2. Evolution requires that allele frequencies change with time in populations.

• Define evolution.

• Outline five factors that can cause evolutionary change.

3. Reproductive isolation of populations can be temporal, behavioural or geographic.

• Compare allopatric and sympatric speciation.

• Define reproductive isolation.

• Explain temporal, behavioral and geographic isolation as mechanisms of speciation.

• Describe an example of temporal, behavioral and geographic reproductive isolation.

• Define speciation.

4. Speciation due to divergence of isolated populations can be gradual.

• Outline a limitation of the idea of evolution through gradualism.

• Identify gradualism from graphs of morphology changes over time.

• Define gradualism.

5. Speciation can occur abruptly. [Punctuated equilibrium implies long periods without appreciable change and short periods of rapid evolution. ]

• Define punctuated equilibrium.

• Outline a possible cause of rapid speciation events.

• Identify punctuated equilibrium from graphs of morphology changes over time.

1. Identifying examples of directional, stabilizing and disruptive selection.

• Define stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.

• Use graphs to illustrate or identify stabilizing, disruptive and directional selection.

.2 Speciation in the genus Allium by polyploidy.

• Outline how polyploidy has led to many species of Allium.

• List example species in the genus Allium (by common name).

1. Comparison of allele frequencies of geographically isolated populations.

• Compare allele frequencies of two populations.

• Describe how variations in the allele frequencies of a gene may be evidence of speciation.