Light-dependent reactions take place in the intermembrane space of the thylakoids.

Light-independent reactions take place in the stroma.

Reduced NADP and ATP are produced in the light-dependent reactions.

Absorption of light by photosystems generates excited electrons.

Photolysis of water generates electrons for use in the light-dependent reactions.

Transfer of excited electrons occurs between carriers in thylakoid membranes.

Excited electrons from Photosystem II are used to contribute to generate a proton gradient.

ATP synthase in thylakoids generates ATP using the proton gradient.

Excited electrons from Photosystem I are used to reduce NADP.

In the light-independent reactions a carboxylase catalyses the carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate.

Glycerate 3-phosphate is reduced to triose phosphate using reduced NADP and ATP.

Triose phosphate is used to regenerate RuBP and produce carbohydrates.

Ribulose bisphosphate is reformed using ATP.

The structure of the chloroplast is adapted to its function in photosynthesis.

Calvin’s experiment to elucidate the carboxylation of RuBP.

Annotation of a diagram to indicate the adaptations of a chloroplast to its function.